科学软件资源导航
Scientific software resource navigation
1、软件引用现状
参考文献: Howison J, Bullard J. Software in the scientific literature: Problems with seeing, finding, and using software mentioned in the biology literature[J]. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2016, 67(9): 2137-2155.
参考文献: 崔明, 潘雪莲, 华薇娜. 我国图书情报领域的软件使用和引用研究[J]. 中国图书馆学报, 2018, 44(3): 66-78.
参考文献: 潘雪莲,孙梦佳,于晓彤,华薇娜. 中国科研人员的科学软件使用和引用行为研究.
2、何时需要引用软件？
你需要引用在你研究中使用到的所有的软件，包括那些用于产生和分析数据的软件。Force11（一个在线学术社区） 认为:“软件应当同其他研究产出，如论文和著作，一样得到引用；这就是说，作者需要适当地引用软件们，就像他们会适当地引用论文一样”。
3、在何处引用软件？
根据不同出版商的要求，软件和数据的引用信息会放在不同的位置，所以在撰写文章时，要注意关注作者指南。如果出版商没有对软件引用信息做出特别的规定，作者可以参考Force11的建议将软件引用信息放在参考文献列表中：“软件引用需要与其他任何的研究成果一样被赋予同样的重要性，它们应当被包含在引用内容的元数据中，如期刊论文的参考文献列表，而不应该忽略或者是被单独分开来写”。
4、如何引用软件？
如果你学术成果的出版商提供了引用指导或者引用格式，那么你就遵循规则，或者向你的编辑进行确认。下面罗列了部分出版商或者手册的软件引用格式。另外，许多软件包本身也为如何引用它们提供了指导，开发者在软件官网往往会提及他们希望用户如何自己的软件。如果没有任何的要求，那可以参考下面的软件引用实践。
5、部分出版商和引用范式的软件引用模板
1）APA格式第六版（American Psychological Association 6th edition）
Reference format for computer software and code:
Rightsholder, A. A. (year). Title of Software or Program (Version number) [Type of software]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx
Example References:
Customized Synergy [Computer software]. (2014). Retrieved from http://customizedsynergy.com
Esolang, A. N. (2014). Obscure Reference Generator [Computer software]. Washington, DC: E & K Press.
McCarthy, P. (2018). Shoelace formula for polygonal area (Python recipe) [Source code]. Retrieved from http://code.activestate.com/recipes/580812-shoelace-formula-for-polygonal-area/?in=lang-python
Example In-text citation:
“We used the Obscure Reference Generator (Version 2.1; Esolang, 2014) and Version 1.0 of Customized Synergy (2014) to complete our work."
Note:
• It is not necessary to cite 'standard software' such as Microsoft Word, Java, and Adobe Photoshop, SPSS or SAS.
• You should provide a reference for specialized software, for example an open source software used to display items to the participants in your study.
• Use an individual’s name in the reference if he or she has proprietary rights to the program. In all other cases, create a reference as you would for un-authored works.
2）哈佛引用格式（Harvard Reference Style (Author-Date)）
Reference format for software:
Author, Initial year of publication, Title: subtitle, software, version/series etc, Publisher, Place of publication.
Example References:
MathWorks Inc., 2019, Matlab, computer program, v R2019b, viewed 18 October 2019, https://au.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html
Endnote X5 2011, software, version 9.01, Thomson ResearchSoft, Carlsbad, http://www.endnote.com/enhome.asp
Hadley, W., 2019, stringr: Simple, Consistent Wrappers for Common String Operations, computer program, R package version 1.4.0, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stringr.
Example In-text citation:
“Reference management software, such as EndNote X5 (2011) and a R package stringr (Hadley 2019) was used to process the data.”
Note:
• Individual authors are rarely acknowledged. If you cannot find a named author of an electronic source then use the organisation or title in place of the author. If you are using the title instead of an author for the in-text citation, the title will need to be placed in italics.
3）美国天文学会期刊（American Astronomical Society Journals）
Software can be cited in two ways
• Citing the article describing the software (e.g. galpy: A python Library for Galactic Dynamics, Bovy 2015, ApJ, 216, 29);
• Citing a DOI for the software, for example, obtained via Zenodo or FigShare (e.g. Foreman-Mackey et al. 2014, corner.py, v0.1.1, Zenodo, doi:10.5281/zenodo.11020, as developed on GitHub)
Note:
• Ideally, both forms of citation should be included; alongside these formal references, authors may also want to include footnote URLs to appropriate code repositories, such as GitHub, or metadata indices, such as the Astrophysics Source Code Library.
4）电气与电子工程师协会期刊（IEEE Periodicals）
http://journals.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/IEEE-Editorial-Style-Manual_081920.pdf
Reference format for manuals/software:
• J. K. Author (or Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co. Abbrev. State, Country). Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed. (year). Accessed: Date. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com
• Title of Software. (version or year). Publisher Name. Accessed: Date (when applicable). [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file
Example References:
• L. Breimann. Manual on Setting Up, Using, and Understanding Random Forests v4.0. (2003). Accessed on: Apr. 16, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://oz.berkeley.edu/users/breiman/Using_random_forests_v4.0.pdf
• Antenna Products. (2011). Antcom. Accessed: Feb. 12, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.antcom.com/ documents/catalogs/L1L2GPSAntennas.pdf
6、软件引用工具
1) CiteAs
机构：Our Research
目标：Integrate research software products into the academic reward system
2) AppCiter
网址：https://sbgrid.org//software/
机构：SBGrid Consortium
目标：Researchers should properly cite all software applications that contributed to their project and can use SBGrid's AppCiter tool to quickly compile a list of relevant citations.
7、更多关于软件引用的文献资料
[1] Jackson, M. (2012). How to cite and describe software. The Software Sustainability Institute.